Although modern technology, including drones and electronic warfare, has shaped the Russia-Ukraine war, the outcome will likely depend on which side can sustain its artillery usage.
Both countries rely heavily on Soviet doctrine that emphasizes artillery, with Russia firing around 10,000 rounds daily and Ukraine about 2,000. Initially, Ukraine relied on its Soviet-era stockpiles of 152mm artillery and ammunition, supplemented by NATO-provided 155mm systems and shells.
Moving forward, Ukraine is in an increasingly stronger position, now having the capability to produce both 155mm howitzers and the corresponding artillery shells.
Regardless how this horror ends, they’ll have to figure out how to rebuild, and producing shells “to nato standards” might be a good thing there too, to increase international trade
As I said in the other comment, PreRun mentioned the same. It’s actually impressive to see how well Ukraine has adapted to EU/NATO/Western standards whilst in a war. More ways Ukraine is winning this, or at least staying afloat.